Friday, December 27, 2019

Impact Of Hiv In Nigeria - 704 Words

With an estimated population of 186.5 million (PRB 2016) and an HIV prevalence of 3.4% (FMoH 2013), HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health concern in Nigeria. Recent estimates indicate that the annual number of new infections in the country has been on a steady decline, decreasing from 288,870 in 2009 to 220,394 in 2013 (NACA 2014). Nigeria’s epidemic is generalized, with wide variations in HIV prevalence within the country, across age groups, and population sub-groups. Across age groups, the national HIV prevalence ranges from 2.9% (15-19 years) to 4.4% (35-39 years). Geographically, the HIV prevalence is highest in the South-South zone (5.5%) and lowest in the South-East Zone (1.8%) (FMoH 2013). A significant proportion of new†¦show more content†¦Geographically, the HIV prevalence varied by states and ranged from 11.3% in Cross River to as high as 41.3% in Lagos (FMoH 2010a) and by age group 12.4% (15-19 years) to 32.3 (25-49 years). The vulnerability of interventions targeted at MSM is exacerbated by culture, religion, political-will (Allman , et al. 2007) and criminalization of same sex practices (Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990, National Assembly 2011) that exist and make them a hard-to-reach population. Besides, factors such as poverty, stigma and discrimination, lack of involvement of MSM in †¨program planning and implementation, illiteracy, lack of social support, violence indirectly contributes to HIV/AIDS transmission or prevent desired changes from occurring at the individual, structural, community, and national level (Measure Evaluation 2011). Similarly, multiple concurrent partnerships, transactional sex, lack of effective services for sexually tra nsmitted infections (STIs), poor quality of health services, and high risk sexual practices (Stromdahl, et al. 2012, UNAIDS 2011) also increase the vulnerability to HIV. Since 2007, findings from IBBSS study sparked the interest of stakeholders on the existence of MSM and provided evidence to justify the need for the development of HIV programming for keyShow MoreRelatedTaking a Lookat Hepatitis C Virus1718 Words   |  7 Pagesconcern about the growing problem of the HIV and HCV prevalence in Africa, where the major route of transmission of HIV is through the sexual route. Co-infection with HCV and HIV is common due to shared routes of transmission – via blood and blood products and sharing of needles for injecting drugs. About 40 million people are estimated to be infected with HIV worldwide of which approximately 4-5 million are co-infected with HCV (Alter, 2006). Co-infection with HIV and HCV are common due to shared routesRead MoreA Research Study On Regulatory Environment766 Words   |  4 PagesRegulatory environment †¢ TB is a notifiable disease in Nigeria. The TBLS in each LGA routinely conducts TB surveillance by ensuring information on all newly-diagnosed patients are entered in the LGA TB Central Register in accordance to the NTBLCP guidelines. The TBLS collects information from both public and private facilities on the NTP. †¢ The State TBLCP manages TB activities at the state level and ensures TB interventions are implemented with the framework of the National guideline. †¢ QuarterlyRead MoreTuberculosis Is The Most Common Opportunistic Infection And Cause Of Death Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus1685 Words   |  7 PagesTuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection and cause of death among people living with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Olaniran, Hassan-Olajokun, Oyovwevotu Agunlejika, 2011). HIV-positive patients have about a 20-37 folds higher chance of developing Tuberculosis than their HIV-negative counterparts (Kamath, Sharma, Pattanshetty, Hegde Chandrasekaran, 2013) The interaction between these two diseases has synergistic effect leading to excessive burden on the patient, theirRead MoreA Brief Note On Lgbt Persons And Development1599 Words   |  7 PagesSSMPA, LGBT Persons and Development in Nigeria. In the first month of 2014, the former Nigerian president, Goodluck Jonathan signed into law the Same-Sex Marriage Prevention Act (SSMPA). The day he signed it, he effectively pushed the already greatly oppressed LGBT population further into the closet. The effect of the law wasn’t only symbolic in the fact that it inconvenienced the LGBT population, but it made their whole identity a punishable offence, while barring them from even organizing to appealRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On African Nation1353 Words   |  6 Pagesmuch like Nigeria but it does take a toll on the smaller nations and the large debtor nations. There are large amounts money being used in Africa for developments of mega projects. Ghana is the richest country in Africa, it obtained it independent after a few years later they had no foreign reserve. And which turned out to be a big waste. Africa has cheap labor available which has encourage inefficient agriculture and industrial practice that left the impoverished. The Republic of Nigeria populationRead MoreThe Film Philadelphia, By Andrew Beckett833 Words   |  4 Pagesboss, stated that, â€Å"Andy brought AIDS into our offices, into our bathroom, and to our annual goddamn family picnic† (Nyswaner 54 ). This was a direct act of discrimination in the workplace. The article, The Social Impact of HIV/AIDS on clients attending a teaching hospital in Southern Nigeria, identified that up to 111 (80.4%) of AIDS respondents who worked for others did not disclose their status to their employers. Among those whose status was known, discrimination was reported to be highest amongRead MoreThe Issues of Breast Cancer in Nigeria Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor one. There is a huge hole to be filled in the area of breast cancer awareness in Nigeria. An article posted in the ‘The Daily Trust’ titled, â€Å"Breast Cancer amongst us† claims â€Å"Nigeria is one of the many places in the world where breast cancer and other li fe-threatening diseases are discussed in whispers, if at all discussed† (Ade, 1). According to Chukwuma Chiedozie, in his book â€Å"Cancer†, breast cancer in Nigeria can be dated back to 1974 (653). He also states it was diagnosed in 217 Nigerian womenRead MoreThe Emergence Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus1971 Words   |  8 Pages INTRODUCTION The emergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the past three decades has presented the most severe challenge to governments, the health workforce and society at large. According to Park (2007), HIV/AIDS is regarded as the major health crisis of the twenty first century and one of the most dreadful epidemics in human history. The severity of the epidemic has led to implementation of various interventions in different parts of the world especially in the most affectedRead MoreEpidemiology And Control Of Hiv / Aids1849 Words   |  8 PagesEpidemiology and Control of HIV/AID in Nigeria Ifedolapo Aderibigbe Abstract Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) remains a major problem affecting all strata of life both in Nigeria and in other parts of the world. Nigeria which harbors a greater number of people living with HIV than some other country on the planet, next to South Africa and India. HIV/AIDS is the third driving reason for death in Nigeria. According to the World Health OrganizationRead MoreDisease Disorder Case Study1346 Words   |  6 PagesVirus Subtype Associated Factors It has been found that the mutation patterns may differ across different subtypes; for example the subtype D can develop more readily HIV DR than other subtypes when it is exposed to single dose of nevirapine (Hauser et al., 2011). A recent study conducted has revealed that HIV DR was more common in subtype D than in subtype C among patients failing first-line regimen (Kyeyune et al., 2013). This treatment failure was found to be associated with nucleoside reverse

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Should Cosmetic Surgery Be Addictive - 1448 Words

Silvia Arredondo Mrs. Kehrmeyer Cont Comp 14 April 2016 Plastic Surgery Can be Addictive if Done to Exces People today hesitate to go to the doctor for health reasons or due to cost, or to find out they have a disease, but they will not think twice about going to a doctor to get a flaw fixed. How much cosmetic surgery is too much? Is the rate of cosmetic surgery rising? Should cosmetic surgery be promoted? Plastic cosmetic surgery can be a last resort to fix a feature that is lacking when it is the first time someone is about to get a procedure done, but it can also turn into an addiction and become an easy way out to touch up a flaw. for someone that has gone through the cosmetic procedures. The temptation is there since plastic surgery is all over the media now. The majority of celebrities and people that are looked up to are filled with them so somehow someone that is wanting to get them can see this as an acceptance to get anything fixed since it is common to do so. According to treatmeantaddiction.com, cosmetic surgery addiction is not only caused by low esteem but it can also be caused by a condition called body dysmorphic disorder. They get so stuck into the idea that there is something wrong with a feature when there is not. For example an individual can find a flaw in their appearance try to perfect it and once it is fixed they will choose another part of their body that looks off to them and get a procedure done on that it is a neverShow MoreRelatedShould Cosmetic Surgery Be Banned?956 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome prevalent among our society today is cosmetic and plastic surgery. Cosmetic surgery is surgery that corrects or modifies the appearance of a feature, or defect on the human body. Although plastic surgery can sometimes be used for treatment of injury or other health related issues. Surgery to improve appearance is widespread among our culture. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgery, there were 15.6 million cosmetic and plastic surgeries procedures done in 2014, bringing in as muchRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : Insight Into The Enslavement1277 Words   |  6 PagesJohanna Bonds Bonds 1 Ms. Homewood Sherlock 11 April 2016 Cosmetic Surgery: Insight into the Enslavement to Looking Perfect In the medical field, cosmetics is the process in which patients undergo surgical and nonsurgical procedures to alter their appearance. Unlike plastic surgeons who are dedicated to helping burn victims and birth disorders etc. Cosmetic surgery is enhancing the appearance of a person. Nonsurgical procedures include; botox, laser hair removal, and surgical proceduresRead MoreWhat Are Plastic Surgery?1676 Words   |  7 PagesWhen you hear the term â€Å"Plastic Surgery†, what comes to mind? For me, I think of a Barbie doll. An unrealistic image of the body, but still known to be the perfect doll. I think of the horror stories of botched surgeries. I think of insecurities and people attempting to correct their bodies. I also think of a different nose, Botox, injections, incisions, and scars. However, there are two different types of plastic surgery. There is cosmetic surgery, which is the term that people mostly associateRead MorePlastic Surgery Is All Over The Media1453 Words   |  6 PagesThese days, plastic surgery is all over the media. Top stars and celebrities have touted it as the means of achieving physical perfection. Due to this influence, it has become accepted and indeed prevalent in the society today. Its rapid commonplace has been facilitated by the coming of non-invasive procedures such as Botox. In 2007 alone, the American Society of Aesthetic Surgery reported that approximately 13.3 billion dollars were spent on plastic surgery, which was a 17% increase over the previousRead MorePlastic Surgery Debate992 Words   |  4 PagesGroup 1 Plastic Surgery I. Introduction Plastic Surgery, or Cosmetic Surgery, is surgery that is unnecessary from a medical perspective, but is carried out to improve appearance. Cosmetic surgery is initiated by an individual who wants to change the physical appearance of a feature. Although in many cases their physical appearance is normal, they may wish to change the size of their breasts or the shape of their nose. An individual may also use cosmetic surgery to change disfigured body partsRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Should Be Banned938 Words   |  4 Pagesfacial and body characteristics. Cosmetic surgery is an easy way to achieve those looks. People are willing to take the risk under the knife to reach society s level of beauty. Tummy tucks, liposuction, breast augmentation, and nose jobs are the most popular surgical procedures. Some people may think non-reconstructive surgery, surgery that is performed even though there are no abnormalities, trauma, infection, tumors or disease, is not an issue. Cosmetic surgery raise s a risk of addiction that leadsRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Quick Fix? Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pages What was once a surgery performed primarily to restore, is now used to enhance a person’s face and body. Cosmetic surgery, which is said to have been â€Å"used more than 4,000 years ago to treat facial injuries† (Fresh Faces) is now considered a common activity among any kind of person. This surgery first gained popularity in the 1910’s after World War I, among soldiers with shattered war faces in need of repair. Later, it became a popular trend among women, who were mostly from high-classRead MoreThe Effects of Cosmetic Surgery1593 Words   |  7 Pagesplanning to have a cosmetic procedure? There are many things that a person considering having a procedure should know. Cosmetic surgery has been practiced for many years however, it is dangerous and many people face addiction. Before having a cosmetic procedure it is important to know all the fac ts. Cosmetic surgery being so popular, many people are not aware that there are two types of plastic surgery: Cosmetic plastic surgery and Reconstructive plastic surgery. Cosmetic surgery is the improvementRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : The Risk Of Enhancing Beauty1328 Words   |  6 Pages Cosmetic surgery : The Risk of Enhancing Beauty Cosmetic Surgery has become popular over the years due to the advertisement of celebrities who embrace their surgery to refine their beauty. For example, an article by Anthony Elliot, he labels cosmetic surgery as Drastic plastic: The rise of cosmetic surgical culture; Celebrity obsession: Fame, fortune and faking it; Want-now consumerism: Immediate transformation, instant obsolescence; and Making the cut: Cosmetic surgical cultureRead MoreEssay on The Risks of Cosmetic Surgery1466 Words   |  6 Pagesyou aware of the risks and disadvantages of cosmetic surgery? Cosmetic surgery can be very risky and dangerous if you are not aware of the outcomes. If you are thinking of going through a procedures you need to do a lot of research of what the pros and cons of the procedure you are about to undergo. Cosmetic surgeries are done all over the world and the pricing varies depending on the surgeons, and it can be very expensive. The outcome of the surgery won’t always come to what you wanted but still

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

A Streetcar Named Desire Essay Introduction Example For Students

A Streetcar Named Desire Essay Introduction Tennessee Williams was once quoted as saying Symbols are nothing but the natural speech of dramathe purest language of plays (Adler 30). This is clearly evident in A Streetcar Named Desire, one of Williamss many plays. I n analyzing the main character of the story, Blanche DuBois, it is crucial to use both the literal text as well as the symbols of the story to get a complete and thorough understanding of her. Before one can understand Blanches character one must understand the reason why she moves to New Orleans and joins her sister, Stella, and brother-in-law, Stanley. By analyzing the symbolism in the first scene, one can understand what prompted Blanche to move. Her appearance in the first scene suggests a moth (Williams 96). In literature a moth represents the soul. So it is possible to see her entire voyage as the journey of her soul (Quirino 63). Later in the same scene she describes her voyage: They told me to take a streetcar named Desire, and then transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off at Elysian Fields (Quirino 63). Taken literally this does not seam to add much to the story. However, if one investigate Blanches past one can truly understand what this quotation symbolizes. Blanche left her home to join her sister, because her life was a miserable wreck in her former place of residence. She admits, at one point in the story, that after the death of Alla n (her husband) intimacies with strangers was all I seemed able to fill my empty heart with (Williams, 178). She had sexual relations with anyone who would agree to it. This is the first step in her voyage-Desire. She said that she was forced into this situation because death was immanent and The opposite (of death) is desire (Williams, 179). She escaped death in her use of desire. However, she could not escape death for long. She was a teacher at a high school, and at one point she had intimacies with a seventeen year old student. The superintendent, Mr. Graves, found out about this and she was fired from her job. Her image was totally destroyed and she could no longer stay there. Mr. Graves sent her on her next stop of the symbolic journey-Cemeteries. Her final destination was Elysian Fields. The inhabitants of this place are described in Book six of the Aenied:They are the souls, answered his father Anchises,Whose destiny it is a second timeTo live in the flesh and there by the waters of LetheThey drink the draught that sets them free from careAnd blots out their memory.(Quirino 61) This is the place of the living dead. Blanche came to Elysian Fields to forget her horrible past, and to have a fresh start in life(Quirino, 63). In fact Blanche admits in the fourth scene that she wants to make myself a new life (Williams 135). By understanding the circumstances that brought Blanche to Elysian fields it is easy to understand the motives behind many ofBlanches actions. One such action is that during the play Blanche is constantly bathing. This represents her need to purify herself from her past (Corrigan 53). However, it is important to note that Blanches description of her traveling came before she actually settles into Elysian Fields. The description therefore represents the new life Blanche hoped to find, not what she actually did find. From the begging we see that Blanche does not fit in with the people of her new community, nor her physical surroundings in her new home. We can see that she did not fit in with the people of the community by comparing the manner in which women in the story handle their social life with men. In the third scene, Stella, who is pregnant at the time, is beaten by her husband Stanley. She immediately runs upstairs to her friends apartment, upstairs. But, soon Stanley runs outside and screams Stell-lahhhhh (Williams 133). She proceeds to come down, and they then spend the night together. The next morning Stella and Blanche discuss the horrible incident. Blanche asks How could you come back in this place last night? (Williams 134). Stella answers Youre making much too much fuss about this and later says that this is something that people do sometimes(Williams 134). One sees that this is actually a common occurrence by the fact that the same exact thing happens to the neighbors a few scenes later. Later in the story Mitch, Blanches boyfriend, yells at her and tries raping her, but she does not let him. Afterwards, she tells Stanley that she would never forgive him because deliberate cruelty is unforgivable (Williams 184). Blanche also does not fit into her surroundings. Tennessee Williams describes the place as having a raffish charm (Corrigan 50). But, this eludes Blanches. She describes it as a place that Only Poe! Only Mr. Edgar Allen Poe!-could do it justice! (Corrigan 50). THE METAMORPHOSIS EssayThroughout the book it is possible to describe the confrontation between Blanche and Stanley as a poker game. The importance of the poker game in the play is proven by the fact that Tennessee Williams was thinking of calling the play The Poker Night. In the first four scenes of the play, Blanche plays a good bluff. She tricks everyone into believing that she is a woman of country-girl manners and high moral integrity (Quirino 62). Stanley asks her to lay her cards on the table, but she continues her bluff (Adler 54). However, Stanley then goes on a quest for the truth. He then discovers and reveals Blanches true past. Once he knows her true cards he then has the upper hand. Stanley caps his win by raping her. It is interesting tonote that in the last scene of the play, when Blanche is being taken away, Stanley is winning every hand in a poker game he is playing with friends. This symbolizes his victory over Blanche. The card game can be viewed as fate, in whi ch skillful players can manipulate his cards to his advantage (Quirino 62). The music in the background, plays a key part in the play, in describing Blanches emotions. In fact at one point it says ofBlanche that The music is in her mind (Corrigan 52). The Blue Piano represents Blanches need to find a home. She is always extremely lonely and needs companionship. This music is apparent during scene one when she is recounting the deaths of her family at Belle Reeve, and when she kisses the newsboy in scene five. The music is the loudest during the scene when Blanche is being taken away to the asylum. The Varsouviana Polka represents death, and to Blanche immanent disaster. This music is heard as she explains the suicide of her husband in scene six. It is also in the background when Stanley gives her a Greyhound ticket to go home (i.e. back to cemeteries) in scene eight. It also fades in and out of the scene where Mitch confronts Blanche about her true past (Corrigan 52). In studying the main character of A Streetcar Named Desire, Blanche DuBois, it is necessary to use both a literal translation ofthe text as well as interspersed symbolism to have a complete understanding of her. Tennessee Williams the author of the play wrote it this way on purpose. In fact he once said that Art is made out of symbols the way the body is made out of vital tissue (Quirino 61). This is a wonderful quotation to show just how necessary it is to incorporate symbolism in an interpretation of a story.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Learn the Different Types of Sentences With Their Examples

What makes a great sentence? A simple answer is, it depends. Making sentences may seem an easy task but, don't be fooled it is trickier than you know. Follow us below to know about the different kinds of sentences and how to use them correctly in your content. Quick Links 1. What is a Sentence 2. What are the Different Types of Sentences? 2.1 Declarative Sentence 2.2 Interrogative Sentence 2.3 Exclamatory Sentence 2.4 Imperative Sentence 1. What is a Sentence? A sentence is a complete set of words that are functional and make logical and complete sense. It has a combination of different words that contains a topic and it presents some information about it. It uses different grammatical elements like nouns, verbs, adjectives etc. to form its structure and use them in a proper sequence and sense. A good and strong sentence is simple and clear. It informs the readers about a particular subject and uses simple tone and words. Simple sentences are easy to read and understand and this is why it is the main element of a good sentence. 2. What are the Different Types of Sentences? Writing is a part of our daily lives and we have been doing it since our childhood. Do you know that a sentence also has different types? It may come as a surprise for many of us but it is true. A sentence has different types and all of them are used for different reasons and intentions. Knowing about different types of sentences helps in writing excellent analytical and descriptive essays. These essays are extremely visual and illustrative and this is what actually makes them so appealing and interesting. Following are the different kinds of sentences: 2.1. Declarative Sentence This is the most basic kind of sentence. It is used to make a statement and present basic information. It could be a simple one line sentence or a long form complex one having connectors. It is usually in active voice and is the most commonly used type of the sentence. Examples: My daughter is s volleyball champion. Students do not work hard and this is why they often fail. Italian food is usually based on spaghetti and meatballs. The United States has fifty states. I love to have desserts in breakfast. These types of sentences are used in hook sentences. A hook sentence excites the readers and encourages them to move forward with the blog. The effect is explained through hook examples in a better way as it will help you know how to use such statements in your papers and assignments. 2.2. Interrogative Sentence Interrogative sentence asks a question and end on a question mark. They represent that a person is asking a question. They can be simple and have what, how, when and where in them and they can also be complex like the rhetorical type of questions. But, generally, simple form is used. Examples: What is your name? Do you know that Niagara Falls is in canada? Did you do your tasks for the day? Can you tell me the address to the Taksim Square? Do you know that excessive carbohydrates is one of the main reasons of heart attack? 2.3. Exclamatory Sentence These essays are used to express your emotions. Ever felt like shouting? This is the kind of sentence that you want to use this express this strong emotion.. Examples: What a huge dog you have! Such an overwhelming experience! What a great movie! He is going to hit his head! The sun is so bright today! 2.4. Imperative Sentence An imperative sentence either has a command or a request. An interesting thing about this type of sentence is that it could end both with a full stop and an exclamation point. Examples: Shut the door now! Please do not make noise. Stop shouting! Please have a seat. Dont try to be rude to me. Not sure if you could use the types of sentences properly? Dont worry and contact 5StarEssays to get high quality and convenient help. We are a professional writing assistance company that helps students in getting their essays and papers on time and save time and money.Place your order now and avail a number of other benefits.